Fatores associados ao sofrimento mental em pessoas com diabetes mellitus durante a pandemia da covid-19 / Factors associated with mental suffering in people with diabetes mellitus during the covid-19 pandemic / Factores asociados a la angustia mental en personas con diabetes mellitus durante la pandemia de covid-19

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar os fatores associados ao sofrimento mental em pessoas com diabetes mellitus durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Método: estudo transversal, realizado em duas comunidades virtuais brasileiras da plataforma Facebook, no período de agosto de 2020 a janeiro de 2021. A amostra totalizou 111 pessoas com diabetes. A avaliação das condições de saúde foi realizada por meio de formulário eletrônico, e para identificação do sofrimento mental foi utilizado o Self Report Questionnaire-20. Análises descritivas e inferenciais foram expressas por frequências e pela regressão logística simples e múltipla. Resultados: o sofrimento mental está associado à questão de ser do gênero feminino, ter histórico prévio de transtorno mental (depressão e ansiedade), diagnóstico de diabetes há mais de seis anos e à presença de complicações oftalmológicas, que potencializam as chances para instabilidades emocionais. Conclusão: o estudo oferece subsídios ao direcionamento de estratégias de suporte que minimizem os impactos psicossociais da pandemia na pessoa com diabetes.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the factors associated with mental distress in people with diabetes mellitus during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: cross-sectional study, conducted in two Brazilian virtual communities of the Facebook platform, in the period from August 2020 to January 2021. The sample totaled 111 people with diabetes. The evaluation of health conditions was performed using an electronic form, and the Self Report Questionnaire-20 was used to identify mental suffering. Descriptive and inferential analyses were expressed by frequencies and simple and multiple logistic regression. Results: mental suffering is associated with being female, having a previous history of mental disorders (depression and anxiety), having been diagnosed with diabetes for more than six years, and the presence of ophthalmologic complications, which increase the chances of emotional instability. Conclusion: the study offers subsidies to the direction of support strategies that minimize the psychosocial impacts of the pandemic on people with diabetes.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar los factores asociados a la angustia mental en personas con diabetes mellitus durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: estudio transversal, realizado en dos comunidades virtuales brasileñas de la plataforma Facebook, en el período de agosto de 2020 a enero de 2021. La muestra fue de 111 personas con diabetes. La evaluación de las condiciones de salud se realizó mediante un formulario electrónico, y se utilizó el Self Report Questionnaire-20 para identificar el sufrimiento mental. Los análisis descriptivos e inferenciales se expresaron mediante frecuencias y regresión logística simple y múltiple. Resultados: el sufrimiento mental está asociado a la condición de ser de género femenino, tener antecedentes de trastorno mental (depresión y ansiedad), el diagnóstico de diabetes desde hace más de seis años y a la presencia de complicaciones oftalmológicas, que potencializan las posibilidades de inestabilidades emocionales. Conclusión: el estudio ofrece subsidios para la dirección de estrategias de apoyo que minimicen los impactos psicosociales de la pandemia en las personas con diabetes.

Acute kidney injury caused by venomous animals: inflammatory mechanisms

Abstract Either bites or stings of venomous animals comprise relevant public health problems in tropical countries. Acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by animal toxins is related to worse prognostic and outcomes. Being one the most important pathways to induce AKI following envenoming due to animal toxins, inflammation is an essential biological response that eliminates pathogenic bacteria and repairs tissue after injury. However, direct nephrotoxicity (i.e. apoptotic and necrotic mechanisms of toxins), pigmenturia (i.e. rhabdomyolysis and hemolysis), anaphylactic reactions, and coagulopathies could contribute to the renal injury. All these mechanisms are closely integrated, but inflammation is a distinct process. Hence, it is important to improve our understanding on inflammation mechanisms of these syndromes to provide a promising outlook to reduce morbidity and mortality. This literature review highlights the main scientific evidence of acute kidney injury induced by bites or stings from venomous animals and their inflammatory mechanisms. It included observational, cross-sectional, case-control and cohort human studies available up to December 2019. Descriptors were used according to Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), namely: Acute kidney injury or Venom and Inflammation on Medline/Pubmed and Google Scholar; Kidney disease or Acute kidney injury on Lilacs and SciELO. The present review evidenced that, among the described forms of renal inflammation, it can occur either directly or indirectly on renal cells by means of intravascular, systemic and endothelial hemolysis, activation of inflammatory pathway, as well as direct action of venom cytotoxic components on kidney structures.